Chapter 1 - Terms and Concepts
1.1 You can use numbers to identify and measure real-life objects. An ordered list of numbers is called a sequence. You can describe a pattern for a sequence and use the pattern to write the next numbers in the sequence.
1.2 The four basic number operations are addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. You can write a verbal description of a number sentence. You can use a model to help you visualize or understand a process or object. You can use area as a model for multiplication.
1.3 A power has two parts, a base and an exponent. Any number can be used as an exponent. When you square the square root of a number n, you get the original number n. The square root of a perfect square can be written as an exact decimal.
1.4 A numerical expression is collection of numbers, operations, and grouping symbols. You are evaluating an expression when you perform the operations to obtain a single number. The Order of Operations (PEMDAS) is used to evaluate an expression involving more than one operation, using the order:
1. First do operations that occur within grouping symbols.
2. Then evaluate powers.
3. Then do multiplications and divisions from left to right.
4. Finally do additions and subtractions from left to right.
1.5 A variable is a letter that is used to represent one or more numbers. An algebraic expression is a collection of numbers, variables, operations, and grouping symbols. To evaluate an algebraic expression, use the following flow chart.
Simplify the ==> Substitute values ==> Write the
numerical expression for variables algebraic expression
A formula (or algebraic model) can be written as a verbal model.
1.6 The word data is plural and it means facts or numbers that describe something. A collection of data is easier to understand when it is organized in a table, a bar graph, or a line graph.
1.8 Numbers have special names, such as whole numbers (0, 1, 2, 3, . . .), natural numbers (1, 2, 3,4, . . .), decimal numbers, and fractions. Sequences of numbers often have patterns that can be discovered by using a calculator or a computer.
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